VIRTUAL MYCOTA: NZ Fungi Identification: Hygrocybe rubrocarnosa

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Hygrocybe rubrocarnosa

Synonyms

Hygrophorus rubrocarnosus
Hygrocybe rubrocarnosa

Biostatus

Present in region - Indigenous. Endemic

Images (click to enlarge)


Caption: Hygrocybe rubrocarnosa (Stev.) (type; Herb. HK. ZT 68/644): g. carpophores. - h. spores. - i. basidia. - k. cuticle	Caption: Hygrocybe rubro-carnosa Owner: Kaimai Bush	Caption: Fig. 8 *Hygrocybe rubrocarnosa* (Stev.) Horak. (G-K: ZT 68/644): G. basidiomes. H. spores. K. basidia. L. spores (K 568, type).	Caption: ZT68-644 Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand
Caption: ZT71-088 Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand	Caption: ZT8452 Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand	Caption: ZT9402, NZ-136 Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand	Caption: ZT0739 Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand
	Caption: Watercolour Owner: G.M. Taylor	Caption: Spores X 2000 1. Hygrophorus salmonipes 2; H. elsae; 3, H .julietae; 4, H. variabilis; 5, H. lilaceo-lamelllatus; 6, H. muritaiensis; 7, H. keithgeorgei; 8, H. pseudococcineus; 9, H. rubro-carnosus; 10, H. miniceps; 11, H. procerus; 12, H. multic

Article: Horak, E. (1990). Monograph of the New Zealand Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales). New Zealand Journal of Botany 28(3): 255-306 (http://www.rsnz.org/publish/abstracts.php).
Description: Pileus -35 mm, hemispherical becoming planoconvex to irregularly expanded with flat to subdepressed centre; brilliant red (crimson, scarlet) fading to orange-yellow; dry, glabrous or velvety to minutely fibrillose-subsquamulose in aged basidiomes, margin substriate.- Lamellae 10-15 (1 -3) rather distant, broadly adnate to decurrent, occasionally subemarginate, up to 6 mm wide; concolorous with pileus at first, fading to pale red or nearly white, edges concolorous, entire. - Stipe 25-70 x 2-5 (-6) mm, cylindrical, equal, occasionally attenuated towards base; coloured like pileus, paler towards base; dry, glabrous or silky-fibrillose, hollow, brittle, single or caespitose. - Context beetroot red, changing to orange in cortex of pileus and stipe (on drying specimens). - Odour and taste not distinctive. - Chemical reactions on pileus: KOH - negative. Spores 7-9 (-10) x 4-6 um, distinctly pear-shaped, obtusely constricted. - Basidia 45-65 x 68 um, 4- (rarely 2-) spored. - Cystidia absent. - Pileipellis a cutis or trichoderm of cylindrical repent to suberect hyphae (5-14 um diam.), membrane not gelatinised, with reddish-yellowish (KOH) plasmatic pigment; clamp connections present (Pl. 1, Fig. 1).
Habitat: ECOLOGY: Common; saprobic on soil among litter under Nothofagus (N. fusca, N. menziesii) and in broadleaved-conifer forest (dominated by Dacrydium cupressinum) with tree ferns. March-September.
Distribution: DISTRIBUTION: NZ (NA, SA, W, N).
Notes: This striking species with constricted spores is close to H. imazekii Hongo (1955) described from Japan.

Article: Horak, E. (1971). A contribution towards the revision of the Agaricales (Fungi) from New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 9(3): 403-462 (http://www.rsnz.org/publish/abstracts.php).
Notes: Hygrophorus rubrocarnosus Stevenson (28 D) = Hygrocybe rubrocarnosa (Stevenson) comb. nov. (Basionym: H. rubrocarnosus Stevenson, Kew Bull. 16: 379, 1962)

Article: Stevenson, G. (1963) [1962]. The Agaricales of New Zealand: IV. Kew Bulletin 16(3): 373–384.
Description: Pileus 3-5 cm. diam., orange yellow, planoconvex, matt to fibrillose; flesh bright red, firm, rather thick. Gills adnate, red with white mealiness, cream on edges, distant, rather thick. Stipe 7 cm X 6 mm., bright orange yellow above, paler towards base, silky striate, twisted and splitting, hollow to stuffed, tough; flesh of stipe also bright red. Spores 10-10.5 X 5-6 µm., ovoid, hyaline, thin-walled. Basidia 45-60 X 5 µm., four-spored.
Habitat: habitat: under forest, Levin, 22.5.19491 Stevenson.
Notes: Another species with red flesh has been described, H. hyphoaemactus Corner in Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 20: 180 (1936). It is however, glutinous, and has dimorphous basidiospores.

Article: Horak, E. (1973). Fungi Agaricini Novazelandiae I-V. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 43: 200 p.
Description: Pileus 10-35 mm diam., hemispherical becoming plano-convex to irregularly expanded, scarlet to deep red fading to orange-yellow, glabrous or (in aged carpophores) minutely fibrillose-squamulose, dry, occasionally margin of pileus striated. Lamellae broadly adnate to decurrent, blood red when young turning pale red or cream, rather thick, distant, gill edge concolorous. Stipe 25-70 x 2-5(6) mm, cylindric, equal, sometimes attenuated below, concolorous with pileus paler towards the base, longitudinally fibrillose, silky, dry, hollow, single or in clusters. Context deep red especially in the cortex of pileus and stipe. Taste and odor not distinctive. Chemical reactions on pileus: KOH - negative. Spores 7.5-10 x 4-6 µm, pyriform to ovoid, sometimes distinctly constricted, smooth, inamyloid. Basidia 45-65 x 6-8 µm, 4- and 2-spored. Cystidia absent. Cuticle a cutis consisting of suberect ends of the hyphae (5-10 µm diam.) forming the small squamules, membrane not gelatinized, conspicuous yellowish-red pigment dissolved in the cell sap present. Clamp connections numerous.
Habitat: In soil under Dacrydium, Podocarpus, Nothofagus; Cyathea, etc. New Zealand.
Notes: Stevenson (1962: Pl. 6/8, not 6/6 which refers to Gl: bichromus Hk.!) gives an excellent picture of this characteristic species. The painting shows well the deep red layer beneath the cuticle and the upper portion of the stipe.