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 Hygrocybe miniata
SynonymsHygrophorus miniatus
Agaricus miniatus
BiostatusPresent in region - Indigenous. Non endemic
Images (click to enlarge)
Owner: J.A. Cooper | 
Caption: scale=5mm
Owner: J.A. Cooper | 
Caption: spores and basidium (KOH)
Owner: J.A. Cooper | 
Caption: ZT2010
Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand | 
Caption: ZT67-241
Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand | 
Caption: ZT68-134
Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand | 
Caption: ZT68-223
Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand | 
Caption: ZT0809
Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand | 
Owner: J.A. Cooper | 
Caption: FUNNZ2007/0599
Owner: FUNNZ | 
Caption: FUNNZ2007/0599
Owner: FUNNZ | 
Caption: Hygrocybe miniata (Fries) k. carpophores. - 1. spores. - m. basidia. - n. cuticle (Herb. HK. ZT 67/241) | 
Caption: Hygrocybe miniata
Owner: Kaimai Bush | 
Caption: Fig. 9 Hygrocybe miniata (Fr.) Kummer (D-F: ZT 2010): D.
basidiomes. E. spores. F. basidia. | 
Caption: Watercolour
Owner: G.M. Taylor |
Article: Horak, E. (1990). Monograph of the New Zealand Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales). New Zealand Journal of Botany 28(3): 255-306 (http://www.rsnz.org/publish/abstracts.php).
Description: Pileus -35 mm, convex soon expanded with plane to depressed centre, margin
always incurved, not upturned: brilliant red (scarlet, blood red) when young
and fresh, fading to red-yellow, colour often bleaching in old specimens; dry,
minutely fibrillose to scurfy-scaly (especially at disc), margin nonstriate.
- Lamellae 6-18 (1-3-5) broadly adnate to subdecurrent, often ± triangular,
up to 5 mm wide, not ventricose; concolorous with pileus, occasionally with
orange tint, bleaching to whitish, reddish pink or pale orange, edges concolorous,
entire. – Stipe 15-40 x 1.5-4 mm, cylindrical, equal or (often) tapering into
base and enlarged into pileus; concolorous with pileus, paler or whitish towards
base; dry, glabrous (rarely minutely fibrillose), hollow to fistulose, single
or caespitose. - Context red beneath cuticle of pileus and cortex of stipe,
otherwise pale yellow-orange. - Odour and taste not distinctive. - Chemical
rcactions on pileus: KOH - yellow, HCI - negative.
Spores 7.5-9 x 4.5-5.5 um, ovoid. - Basidia 30-70 x 7-9 um, 4-spored. - Cystidia
absent. - Pileipellis a trichoderm of cylindrical hyphae (6-15 um diam.), terminal
cells often conical or subfusoid, membrane not gelatinised, with orangered (water)
or yellow (KOH) plasmatic pigment clamp connections present (Pl. 1, Fig.l).
Habitat: ECOLOGY: Common; saprobic on soil among moss-lichen or Sphagnum, rarely
on decaying trunk of fems or among litter in Nothofagus (N. fusca, N. menziesii),
Leptospermum scoparium or in broadleaved-conifer forests (Weinmannia,
Quintinia. Dacrydium). December-March.
Distribution: DISTRIBUTION: NZ (N, WL); AUS (NSW, Q, SA, VIC). -Widespread in northern hemisphere
(Europe, Japan, USA).
Notes: This species is readly recognised by its brilliant red colour, the ± triangular
lamellae and the scurfy pileus, composed of rather large, non gelatinised hyphae
(Amolds,1977). New Zealand and Australian records of H. miniata have
already been reported in the last century by Cooke (1879), Colenso (1890), and
Massee (1898). It is likely that H. coccineus (Fr.) Fr. ss. Massee (1898)
and Stevenson (1962) also represent the same taxon.
In some of the New Zealand collections of H. miniata reported here with
the colour of the gills was observed to vary from whitish (cf. H. helobius.
Arnolds 1974) or red-orange to scarlet. Since this often age-dependent colour
change is noted also on basidiomes within the same population this character
obviously has no significant taxonomic value.
Article: Horak, E. (1973). Fungi Agaricini Novazelandiae I-V. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 43: 200 p.
Description: Pileus 10-25 mm diam., hemispherical, broadly convex, in age convex to plane and the centre of the pileus often depressed, margin always incurved, scarlet when young and fresh, fading to red-yellow, bleached when old, fibrillose-scurfy to minutely scaly (especially at the disc), dry, estriate. Lamellae broadly adnate to subdecurrent, ventricose, distant, concolorous with pileus becoming reddish to orange. Stipe 15-40 x 1.5-4 mm, cylindric. equal, sometimes tapering towards the base, dry, fistulose, glabrous. Context yellow to orange, scarlet beneath the cuticle and in the cortex of the stipe. Taste and odor not distinctive. Chemical reactions on pileus: KOH yellow; HCl – negative.
Spores 7.5-9 x 4.5-5.5 µm, ovoid, smooth, inamyloid. Basidia 30-42 x 7-9 µm, 4-spored. Cystidia absent. Cuticle a trichodermium consisting of cylindric, not gelatinized hyphae (6-15 µm diam.), terminal elements subclavate, orange-red plasmatic pigment present. Clamp connections present or absent.
Habitat: On soil under ferns or amongst mosses (under Nothofagus, Dacrydium, Weinmannia, Quintinia, etc.). New Zealand, cosmopolitan (?) species.
Notes: The N.Z. material of H. miniata (Fr.) corresponds in all characters with the specimen described and illustrated from Europe and North America. In New Zealand the first record of this conspicuous fungus was made by Cooke (1879) and was mentioned later again by Colenso (1890). H. pseudococcineus Hongo ss. Stevenson may be placed close to forms of H. miniata (Fr.) but further observations are necessary in order to obtain more information about this species. According to Cleland (1934: 71) H. miniata (Fr.) also occurs in New South Wales, Australia.
Article: Stevenson, G. (1963) [1962]. The Agaricales of New Zealand: IV. Kew Bulletin 16(3): 373–384.
Notes: This was also recorded by Massee, i.e. supra, but the writer has not collected
it. Both these species are described and illustrated by Lange and others.
Article: Massee, G.E. (1899) [1898]. The fungus flora of New Zealand. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 31: 282–349 Wellington:.
Description: Pileus 1.5-2-5 cm. across, flesh thin, convex, obtuse, then umbilicate, at first even, glabrous,
and crimson, then becoming pale, opaque, and squamulose ; gills adnate, not at all decurrent,
distant, distinct, rather thick and firm, yellow, or sometimes more or less tinged with crimson;
stem 3-5 cm. long, about 2 mm. thick, even, glabrous, shining, crimson, equal, round,
imperfectly stuffed; spores elliptical, 10 x 6 µ.
Habitat: Among grass, in pastures, roads, &c.
Distribution: Maungaroa, New Zealand. Europe, Australia, Ceylon.
Notes: Pileus becoming umbilicate, bleached, and squamulose when old.
Article: Cooke, M.C. (1879). New Zealand fungi. Grevillea 8(46): 54-68.
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