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 Phellinus dingleyae
SynonymsPhellinus pachyphloeus
Fomes pachyphloeus
BiostatusPresent in region - Indigenous. Endemic
Images (click to enlarge)
Caption: Fig. 6 Phellinus dingleyae. A, basidiospores; B, cystidioles; C, basidia; D, generative and
skeletal hyphae; E, transverse section of tube wall; F, setal hyphae. PDD 66860,
holotype. Scale bars: A, B, C = 5 µm; D = 5 µm; E, F = 2µm. |
Article: Buchanan, P.K.; Ryvarden, L. (2000). New Zealand polypore fungi: six new species and a redetermination. New Zealand Journal of Botany 38(2): 251-263 (http://www.rsnz.org/publish/abstracts.php).
Description: Basidiocarps perennial, pileate (triquetrous to ungulate), effused-reflexed, or resupinate,
woody hard, when pileate typically with narrow pileus over effused tube layer, to 16 cm
across, 4 cm radius, 6.5 cm deep, typically of greater depth than radius; when resupinate
to 13 x 6 cm and of irregular shape; pileus surface when old glabrous, concentrically
sulcate with distinct crust, black, sometimes cracking when drying, towards margin and
in younger basidiocarps yellow-brown (77.m.y Br) and velutinate due to projecting setal
hyphae; pore surface deep umber brown (62.d.gy.Br); sterile margin 1-3 mm wide,
yellow-brown (76.1y Br) and distinctly paler than pores, with projecting setal hyphae;
pore surface in actively growing basidiocarps may also be yellow-brown (80.gy.y Br);
pores circular, 6-7 per mm, with rather thin dissepiments; tubes stratified though separate
strata sometimes indistinct, to 55 mm deep with individual strata to 10 mm, recent layers
concolorous with pore surface, older layers paler and in parts filled with white mycelium,
successive layers of tubes sometimes receding. Cortex prominent at both pileus surface
and at junction with substrate, black, to 1 mm thick, shining when cut, composed of
dense tissue of skeletal and setal hyphae orientated perpendicular to outer surface;
context yellow-brown, mostly thin in resupinate specimens, more developed in pileate
basidiocarps where up to 15 mm thick, growth mostly radial, zonate due to concentric
bands of setal hyphae. Hyphal system dimitic; generative hyphae thin-walled, hyaline,
simple septate, 2-3 µm diam. in trama, in context of young basidiocarps more variable,
2.5-5.5 µm, sometimes inflated to 7.5 µm and with contorted, multi-branched elements,
in older context mostly collapsed and seen only at junction with skeletal hyphae; skeletal
hyphae in trama yellow to pale reddish brown and with wide lumen, running more or less
parallel to tube walls, 2-3.5 µm wide, those of the context darker, 2.5-4(-5) µm diam.,
with wall thickened to 1 µm, and with sparse adventitious septa. Setal hyphae abundant
in cortex, context, and trama, also projecting at pileus surface of young basidiocarps and
at margin; dark red-brown and contrasting against paler surrounding tissues, with
strongly thickened wall, sharply pointed apex and gradually tapering base; in
basidiocarps peeled away from substrate, setal hyphae of context have the appearance of
an adpressed strigose layer with hyphae 170-600 x 13-22 µm; in lower parts of context
typically shorter, to 450 µm long; in trama as tramal setae, mostly parallel to the tube
walls, but occasionally obliquely projecting into and beyond hymenium, 85-145 x 7-15
µm, at the dissepiment much smaller, acuminate to ventricose, 15-40 µm long. Hymenial
setae rare in older basidiocarps where they may be confined to near dissepiments, in
younger basidiocarps mostly sparsely scattered or with scattered groups of setae, dark
brown, acute, ventricose to subulate and tapering, up to 35 µm long, often bent at the
base with an elongated foot and apparently with transitions to the tramal setae.
Cystidioles present amongst basidia though in older basidiocarps only seen towards
dissepiments, lageniform, with an elongate apical region, 11-23(-37) x 3.5-4.5 µm.
Basidia subglobose, sometimes oblong, 4-sterigmate, simple-septate at the base, 9-13 x
6-9 pm. Basidiosporas globose to subglobose, hyaline when young, soon becoming thick-walled,
wall to 0.8 µm thick, pale brown, smooth, IKI-, 5-7.5(-8.5) x 4.5-7(-7.5) µm.
Causing a white wood rot.
Habitat: SUBSTRATA: Most collections on dead wood of hardwoods: Kunzea, Leptospermum,
and Metrosideros. Less often recorded on softwoods: Dacrycarpus.
Distribution: New Zealand, in northern and southern regions and probably
widespread throughout the country.
Notes: ETYMOLOGY: dingleyae, named after Dr Joan M. Dingley, eminent New Zealand
mycologist and plant pathologist, and collector of several specimens of this species.
NOTES: Cunningham (1965) recorded this species as Phellinus pachyphloeus (Pat.) Pat.,
a close relative of P. dingleyae which shares features of setal hyphae, small pores, and
pale brown spores. However, P. pachyphloeus is usually distinctly pileate and applanate
of large dimensions (sometimes exceeding 0.5 m across), with smaller pores 8-10 per
mm, abundant hymenial setae, and smaller, thin-walled, subglobose to ellipsoid spores
(4.5-6 x 4-5.5 µm, Fidalgo 1968 and Ryvarden & Johansen 1980; 3.3-4.9 x 2.7-4.1 µm,
Dai 1999), and is considered to be absent from New Zealand. Fidalgo (1968) reported
that most herbarium specimens of P. pachyphloeus are sterile, whereas all collections of
P. dingleyae examined have abundant spores. P. dingleyae occurs on both hard- and
softwood hosts, although the collections on the softwood Dacrycarpus typically have
larger spores (6.5-8.5 x 5.5-7.5 µm) than collections on other hosts. P. pachyphloeus may
be confined to hardwoods, since records of its occurrence on softwoods (Fidalgo 1968)
are based on Australasian collections recorded by Cunningham (1965) and Simmonds
(1939). Sharma (1995) noted that in India the species has never been collected on
conifers.
At present, we cannot confirm distribution of P. dingleyae beyond New Zealand.
Collections cited as P. pachyphloeus by Cunningham (1965) are heterogeneous. While
most are P. dingleyae, other species of Phellinus are represented (e.g., PDD 12995 from
Western Australia). Collections from New South Wales, Australia (Cunningham 1965),
could not be located in PDD, and the Australian collections recorded by Simmonds
(1939) on Araucaria and Agathis have not been examined. With the exclusion of
Cunningham's Australasian records, the distribution of P. pachyphloeus appears to be
tropical to subtropical (Fidalgo 1968).
P. dingleyae is distinguished from other Phellinus species with setal hyphae or tramal
setae, rare hymenial setae, and coloured spores (Larsen & Cobb-Poulle 1990) by the
combination of the black, glabrous, narrow pilei, small pores, and dark brown pore
surface, and microscopically by the very abundant setal hyphae that project strongly in
younger parts of basidiocarps, and globose, pale brown, thick-walled spores.
Basidiocarps are very variable in shape, from ungulate to resupinate. The Asian species
P. hoehnelii (Bres.) Ryvarden has larger pores (3-4 per mm) and mostly thin-walled
spores, while P. poeltii Ryvarden from Nepal has shorter and narrower setal hyphae (e.g.,
75-115 x 4-6 µm in context) and darker, slightly smaller spores (Ryvarden & Johansen
1980; Larsen & CobbPoulle 1990; Dai 1999). No species with features similar to P.
dingleyae was recorded from Argentina and the surrounding region in the survey of
Phellinus by Wright & Blumenfeld (1984).
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