Go to Landcare Research home page
 
Home About Mushrooms Simple key Genus (A-Z) Help

« Back

Go to the NZFungi website for more indepth information on Sarcodon thwaitesii. Sarcodon thwaitesii

Synonyms

Sarcodon carbonarius
Hydnum carbonarium
Hydnum thwaitesii

Biostatus

Present in region - Indigenous. Non endemic

Images (click to enlarge)

 

Caption: Fig. 2. Hydnum carbonarium, x2.

Caption: Text fig 2. Transverse section through the hymenium of Hydnum carbonarium, x500. a. Spores x1000. Original.
Text fig 2b. Spores of Beenackia dacostae, x 1000. Original.

Caption: Watercolour
Owner: G.M. Taylor

Caption: Sarcodon carbonarius: g, basidia; h, spores.

Caption: Sarcodon thwaitesii
Owner: Kaimai Bush

Caption: Sarcodon thwaitesii
Owner: Kaimai Bush

Caption: Sarcodon thwaitesii
Owner: Kaimai Bush

Caption: FUNNZ: 2006/0086, See public note for more information
Owner: FUNNZ

Caption: FUNNZ: 2006/0086, See public note for more information
Owner: FUNNZ

Caption: ZT0565
Owner: E. Horak: © Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand
 

Article: McNabb, R.F.R. (1971). Some new and revised taxa of New Zealand Basidiomycetes (Fungi). New Zealand Journal of Botany 9(2): 355-370 (http://www.rsnz.org/publish/abstracts.php).
Description: Fructifications fleshy, stipitate and pileate. Pileus 2-7.5 cm diam., dry, strongly convex when young, becoming plano-convex or applanate, finely subtomentose to felted when young, centrally glabrous, subglabrous or minutely tuberculate with finely felted margins at maturity, sooty black in centre, paling to dark brownish black at margins, occasionally with faint purplish tints; margins strongly involute when young, acute, entire, reflexed when over-mature. Hymenial surface dull brown, sterile margin absent; spines non-decurrent, absent from a zone around apex of stipe, to 12 mm long, to 1.5 mm diam. basally, crowded, subulate, dark greyish brown basally with faint magenta tints near stipe, often paling to fawn apically, readily detached. Stipe central, 2-6.5 cm long, basally expanded when young, more or less equal at maturity, 0.8-1.2 cm diam., solid, dry, finely felted, dark brownish black with faint magenta tints when young, paling apically at maturity but magenta tints still present; flesh brownish with magenta tints, blackening at maturity. Context fleshy, soft, to 1.3 cm thick, brownish with magenta tints which intensify on prolonged exposure to air, blackening at maturity, azonate, monomitic. Hyphae thin-walled, inflating, 2.5-15 µm diam., often short-celled, clamp connections present, dark granules embedded among hyphae; superficial hyphae in young fructifications slightly interwoven but mainly ascending, more or less repent in old, 2.5-12 µm diam., hyphae in spines similar. Basidia proliferating through basal clamp connections, clavate, 37-51 x 8.5-12 µm, 4-spored, sterigmata to 7.5 µm long; cystidia absent. Spores irregular in outline, irregularly and coarsely tuberculate, yellowish brown, 8.2-9-(9.8) x 7-8.2 µm. Taste short lived, bitter. Smell faintly of aniseed.
Habitat: Solitary or in small groups under native trees.
Distribution: TYPE LOCALITY: Half Moon Bay, Stewart Island, New Zealand.
Notes: The above description differs in many ephemeral characters from that of Cunningham (1958), and there seems little doubt that the type description was compiled from overmature, dried material as suggested by Maas Geesteranus (1964). The pileus and stipe of dried fructifications of 24599 are dull olive green while the spines have changed little in colour. In collection F485, which was slightly overmature when collected, blackening of the pileus and stipe is more advanced and the dull green colour is not so apparent. When mounted in 5% KOH solution, the context of the pileus and trama of the spines both stain bluish green. Microscopical examination shows that the large, dark coloured granules embedded among the hyphae have partially dissolved, releasing a bluish green pigment.
Maas Geesteranus (1964) emphasised that a redescription of this species from fresh material was required in order to distinguish it from an American species Sarcodon atroviridis (Morg.) Banker. The two species are closely related but S. carbonarius differs from Coker and Beer's (1951) description of S. atroviridis in the larger spores and magenta tints of the stipe and exposed context.
The genus Sarcodon P. Karst. was not recognised by Cunningham (1958) although the invalidly published Sarcodon Quel. was considered a synonym of "Hydnum L ex S.F. Gray". It is now almost universally accepted that Sarcodon is typified by Hydnum imbricatum, a species with brown tuberculate spores, and Hydnum L ex Fr. by //. Repandum, a species with hyaline, smooth spores (Donk, 1956). The acceptance of these species as the types necessitates alterations to the genera recognised by Cunningham. The genus Hydnum as interpreted by Cunningham becomes equivalent to Sarcodon and Dentinum a synonym of Hydnum L ex Fr.

Article: Cunningham, G.H. (1958). Hydnaceae of New Zealand. Part I. The pileate genera Beenakia, Dentinum, Hericium, Hydnum, Phellodon and Steccherinum. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 85(4): 585-601.
Description: Hymenophore terrestrial, annual, pileate, carbonous, brittle when dry. Pilei centrally stipitate, orbicular, 2-3 cm diameter; pileus surface black, even, polished; margin inturned, thin, even, concolorous; hymenial surface black, rough with spines. Stem equal, flattened, 2-2.5 x 0.8-1.2 cm, glabrous, black. Spines subulate, terete, crowded, 1-3 x 0.1-0.15 mm, black, fragile. Context 0.2-0.5 mm thick, black, shining, composed of parallel hyphae rather loosely arranged embedding masses of black gelatinous granules; generative hyphae 4-8 µ diameter, walls 0.2 µ thick, tinted brown, branched freely, septate, sometimes inflated between septa, with clamp connexions. Hymenial layer to 50 µ deep, a dense palisade of basidia and paraphyses. Basidia clavate, 36-45 x 8-12 µ, 2-4-spored; sterigmata arcuate, stout, to 8 µ long. Paraphyses clavate, 16-22 x 4-6 µ. Spores globose or broadly elliptical, 7-9 µ diameter, or 8-10 x 7-9 µ, walls coarsely irregularly tuberculate, sinuate, pallid ferruginous, 0.2 µ thick.
Habitat: HABITAT: Solitary in humus under Dacrydium cupressinum.
Distribution: DISTRIBUTION: New Zealand.
Notes: Plants appear as if constructed from charcoal, being carbonous and fragile. Colour is derived from masses of black mucilage granules embedded among hyphae of the tissues, hyphae being lightly tinted brown. Spores are either globose or broadly elliptical, with brown walls which are coarsely irregularly tuberculate and sinuate. In colour and general appearance the species resembles Phellodon niger (Fr.) Karst.; it differs mainly in the spore characters, those of P. niger resembling spores of P. sinclairii. Plants possess a faint odour of aniseed, scarcely noticeable save when the herbarium package is first opened.